Refreshing Heat Management Fluid in a Turbomachine

ABSTRACT

A heat management system for a turbomachine may include a first heat exchanger configured and arranged to receive a first fluid stream from a first duct, a second heat exchanger configured and arranged to receive the first fluid stream after discharging from the first heat exchanger, and a hatch configured to provide fluid communication from a second duct to the first duct so as to introduce a second fluid stream from the second duct to the first duct. A method of cooling fluid streams may include directing a first fluid stream from a first duct across or through a first heat exchanger, directing the first fluid stream across or through a second heat exchanger after discharging from the first heat exchanger, and directing a second fluid stream from a second duct to the first duct, with the second fluid stream flowing through a hatch configured to provide fluid communication from the second duct to the first duct.

FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

This invention was made with Government support. The Government hascertain rights in this invention.

FIELD

The present disclosure generally pertains to heat management systems inturbomachines and methods of refreshing heat management fluid suppliedto heat exchangers in turbomachines.

BACKGROUND

A heat management system may be utilized to manage temperatures ofvarious components or fluid streams of a turbomachine. Typically, a heatmanagement system may utilize existing fluid streams associated with theturbomachine. Such existing fluid streams may include input fluidstreams and/or output fluid streams. For example, a heat managementsystem for a turbomachine may utilize relatively cool pressurized fanair such as from a bypass duct to directly or indirectly cool theturbomachine or related components or fluid streams. Such a heatmanagement system may also utilize bleed air extracted from theturbomachine as a heat source and/or as a cooling source for other fluidstreams or components.

A heat management system that utilizes existing fluid streams associatedwith a turbomachine may exhibit greater energy efficiency relative tothe use of an external energy source for heating or cooling. However,the use of input streams and/or output streams of a turbomachine forheat management may be limited by upstream use of the fluid stream. Oncea fluid stream has been used in a first heat transfer operation, such afluid stream will generally have less cooling capacity or ability toremove heat in a second heat transfer operation. For example, relativelycool pressurized fan air such as from a bypass duct may be routedthrough a heat exchanger to directly or indirectly cool the turbomachineor related components or fluid streams. The fan air exiting from theheat exchanger may generally have an increased temperature as a resultof heat transferred to the fan air from the heat exchanger and/or areduced pressure as a result of friction incurred when flowing throughthe heat exchanger.

These and related issues may detract from the output or performance of aheat management system and/or may require design modifications to theheat management system that come at the cost of an increase in theoverall weight or size of the system. These and related issues may alsodetract from the output or performance of the turbomachine. This may bethe case even though the heat management system may be desirable foroperation and performance of the turbomachine. For example, designconsiderations to address such increased temperature and/or reducedpressure in a bypass duct may result in a larger bypass duct so as toincrease the amount of pressurized fan air flowing through the bypassduct. Such a larger bypass duct not only adds size and weight to theturbomachine, but also, the use of pressurized fan air such as from abypass duct for cooling may detract from the thrust generated by theturbomachine even though the resulting cooling may be necessary foroperation or performance of the turbomachine.

Accordingly, there exists a need for improved heat management systemsthat better utilize fluid streams associated with a turbomachine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Aspects and advantages will be set forth in part in the followingdescription, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learnedthrough practicing the presently disclosed subject matter.

In one aspect, the present disclosure embraces heat management systemsfor turbomachines. An exemplary heat management system for aturbomachine may include a first heat exchanger configured and arrangedto receive a first fluid stream from a first duct, a second heatexchanger configured and arranged to receive the first fluid streamafter discharging from the first heat exchanger, and a hatch configuredto provide fluid communication from a second duct to the first duct soas to introduce a second fluid stream from the second duct to the firstduct.

In another aspect, the present disclosure embraces methods of coolingfluid streams. An exemplary method of cooling fluid streams may includedirecting a first fluid stream from a first duct across or through afirst heat exchanger, directing the first fluid stream across or througha second heat exchanger after discharging from the first heat exchanger,and directing a second fluid stream from a second duct to the firstduct, with the second fluid stream flowing through a hatch configured toprovide fluid communication from the second duct to the first duct.

In yet another aspect, the present disclosure embraces turbomachinesthat include a heat management system. An exemplary turbomachine mayinclude a core engine, an annular first casing surrounding the coreengine, an annular second casing spaced radially outward from the firstcasing and concentric therewith, and an annular third casing spacedradially between the first casing and the second casing and concentrictherewith. A first duct may be defined radially between the annularfirst casing and the annular third casing, and a second duct may bedefined radially between the annular second casing and the annular thirdcasing. A plurality of first heat exchangers may be disposed radiallyabout the first duct, and the plurality of first heat exchangers may berespectively configured and arranged to receive a respective portion ofa first fluid stream from the first duct. A plurality of second heatexchangers may be disposed radially about the first duct downstream fromthe plurality of first heat exchangers, and the plurality of second heatexchangers may be respectively configured and arranged to receive arespective portion of the first fluid stream after discharging fromrespective ones of the plurality of first heat exchangers. A pluralityof hatches may be disposed radially about the annular third casing. Theplurality of hatches may respectively provide fluid communication fromthe second duct to the first duct downstream from the plurality of firstheat exchangers. Additionally, the plurality of hatches may berespectively configured and arranged to introduce a respective portionof a second fluid stream from the second duct to the first duct.

These and other features, aspects and advantages will become betterunderstood with reference to the following description and appendedclaims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in andconstitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplaryembodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain certainprinciples of the presently disclosed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A full and enabling disclosure, including the best mode thereof,directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in thespecification, which makes reference to the appended Figures, in which:

FIG. 1A schematically depicts a perspective cut-away view of anexemplary turbomachine that includes one embodiment of a heat managementsystem;

FIG. 1B schematically depicts a cross-sectional view of the exemplaryturbomachine of FIG. 1A:

FIG. 2A schematically depicts a perspective cut-away view of anexemplary turbomachine that includes one embodiment of a heat managementsystem;

FIG. 2B schematically depicts a cross-sectional view of the exemplaryturbomachine of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3A schematically depicts a perspective cut-away view of anexemplary turbomachine that includes one embodiment of a heat managementsystem;

FIG. 3B schematically depicts a cross-sectional view of the exemplaryturbomachine of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4A schematically depicts a perspective cut-away view of anexemplary turbomachine that includes one embodiment of a heat managementsystem;

FIG. 4B schematically depicts a cross-sectional view of the exemplaryturbomachine of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5 schematically depicts features of an exemplary heat managementsystem which may be included in the exemplary turbomachines of FIGS. 1Aand 1B, 2A and 2B, 3A and 3B, and/or 4A and 4B;

FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically depict features of an exemplary hatchwhich may be included in an exemplary heat management system of aturbomachine;

FIGS. 7A and 7B schematically depict further features of an exemplaryhatch which may be additionally or alternatively included in anexemplary heat management system of a turbomachine;

FIG. 8 shows a diagram depicting fluid flows in an exemplary heatmanagement system;

FIG. 9 shows a flow-chart depicting an exemplary method of cooling fluidstreams in a heat management system; and

FIG. 10 schematically depicts an exemplary control system of a heatmanagement system.

Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification anddrawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features orelements of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference now will be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of thepresently disclosed subject matter, one or more examples of which areillustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way ofexplanation and should not be interpreted as limiting the presentdisclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat various modifications and variations can be made in the presentdisclosure without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.For instance, features illustrated or described as part of oneembodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still furtherembodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers suchmodifications and variations as come within the scope of the appendedclaims and their equivalents.

The present disclosure generally pertains to heat management systems inturbomachines and methods of refreshing heat management fluid suppliedto heat exchangers in turbomachines. The presently disclosed heatmanagement systems include a first heat exchanger configured andarranged to receive a first fluid stream from a first duct and a secondheat exchanger configured and arranged to receive the first fluid streamafter discharging from the first heat exchanger, and a hatch configuredto provide fluid communication from a second duct to the first duct soas to introduce a second fluid stream from the second duct to the firstduct. The second fluid stream from the second duct may have atemperature that is lower than that of the first fluid streamdischarging from the first heat exchanger. As such, the second fluidstream may be used to refresh the first fluid stream flowing into thesecond heat exchanger, and thereby improve heat transfer at the secondheat exchanger. Additionally, the hatch may be utilized to vary a flowratio between the first fluid stream and the second fluid stream byintroducing fluid from the first fluid stream to the second fluidstream.

The presently disclosed heat management systems and related methods maybe implemented in connection with any turbomachine, such as aturbomachine that includes annular inner and outer bypass ducts. A hatchmay be configured to introduce a fluid stream from the annular inner tothe annular outer bypass ducts, or from the annular outer bypass duct tothe annular inner bypass duct, thereby enhancing allocation of heatmanagement operations between the respective fluid streams of the bypassducts. For example, the optimal heat energy and/or fluid flow throughthe respective bypass ducts may vary depending upon operating conditionsof the turbomachine.

The presently disclosed fluid exchange apparatuses and related systemsand methods allow for decoupling the thermal performance of heatexchangers arranged in serial flow communication within a duct. Ratherthan having the performance of a downstream heat exchanger dependent onthe temperature of a heated fluid stream from an upstream heatexchanger, a hatch may introduce fluid from another duct to adjust thecooling capacity of the heated fluid stream discharging from an upstreamheat exchanger, such as with cooler fluid from another duct. A firstheat exchanger may be located upstream from a second heat exchanger,with both heat exchangers located in the same duct. The presentlydisclosed heat management systems and related methods provide for theheated cooling air discharging from the first heat exchanger to berefreshed with relatively cooler air introduced from another duct,thereby providing relatively cooler cooling air to the second heatexchanger.

For example, a compressor bleed air heat exchanger may be locatedupstream from a cooled cooling air heat exchanger, with both heatexchangers located in an annular inner duct (which may be a thermalmanagement system duct). The compressor bleed air heat exchanger mayreceive relatively cool air from the annular inner duct, and the heatedcooling air discharging from the compressor bleed air heat exchanger maybe refreshed with relatively cool air from the annular outer duct (whichmay be a fan duct or a bypass duct), thereby allowing the cooled coolingair heat exchanger to receive relatively cooler air having beenrefreshed with air from the annular outer duct rather than beingdependent on the heated air discharging from the compressor bleed airheat exchanger.

As another example, a compressor bleed air heat exchanger may be locatedupstream from a cooled cooling air heat exchanger, with both heatexchangers located in an outer cowling or nacelle surrounding theturbomachine. The compressor bleed air heat exchanger may receiverelatively cool air from an annular outer duct (which may be a bypassduct or thermal management system duct), and the heated cooling airdischarging from the compressor bleed air heat exchanger may berefreshed with relatively cool air from the annular outer duct, therebyallowing the cooled cooling air heat exchanger to receive relativelycooler air having been refreshed with air from the annular outer ductrather than being dependent on the heated air discharging from thecompressor bleed air heat exchanger.

As yet another example, a compressor bleed air heat exchanger may belocated upstream from a cooled cooling air heat exchanger, with bothheat exchangers located in annular inner duct (which may be a fan ductor a bypass duct). The compressor bleed air heat exchanger may receiverelatively cool air from an annular inner duct (which may be a bypassduct or thermal management system duct), and the heated cooling airdischarging from the compressor bleed air heat exchanger may berefreshed with relatively cool air from the annular outer duct, therebyallowing the cooled cooling air heat exchanger to receive relativelycooler air having been refreshed with air from the annular outer ductrather than being dependent on the heated air discharging from thecompressor bleed air heat exchanger.

As yet another example, a compressor bleed air heat exchanger may belocated upstream from a cooled cooling air heat exchanger, with bothheat exchangers located in an annular outer duct (which may be a bypassduct or thermal management system duct). The compressor bleed air heatexchanger may receive relatively cool air from the annular outer duct,and the heated cooling air discharging from the compressor bleed airheat exchanger may be refreshed with relatively cool air from theannular inner duct, thereby allowing the cooled cooling air heatexchanger to receive relatively cooler air from the annular inner ductrather than being dependent on heated air discharging from thecompressor bleed air heat exchanger.

In exemplary embodiments, the presently disclosed heat managementsystems may include a control system configured to receive a temperatureinput from a temperature sensor and to output a control command thehatch responsive to the temperature input from the temperature sensor.The control command may be configured to cause the hatch to direct afluid stream from a second duct to a first duct (and/or to interrupt ormodulate such fluid stream), for example, responsive to a comparison ofthe temperature input to a threshold temperature.

It is understood that terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to therelative direction with respect to fluid flow in a fluid pathway. Forexample, “upstream” refers to the direction from which the fluid flows,and “downstream” refers to the direction to which the fluid flows. It isalso understood that terms such as “top”, “bottom”, “outward”, “inward”,and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed aslimiting terms. As used herein, the terms “first”, “second”, and“third”, and so forth, as well as the terms “primary”, “secondary”, and“tertiary”, and so forth, may be used interchangeably to distinguish onecomponent from another and are not intended to signify location orimportance of the individual components. The terms “a” and “an” do notdenote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of atleast one of the referenced item.

Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations arecombined and interchanged, and such ranges are identified and includeall the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or languageindicates otherwise. For example, all ranges disclosed herein areinclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independentlycombinable with each other.

Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification andclaims, is applied to modify any quantitative representation that couldpermissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function towhich it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms,such as “about”, “approximately”, and “substantially”, are not to belimited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, theapproximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrumentfor measuring the value, or the precision of the methods or machines forconstructing or manufacturing the components and/or systems.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described infurther detail. FIGS. 1A and 1B, 2A and 2B, 3A and 3B, and 4A and 4Bschematically show exemplary embodiments of a turbomachine 100 thatincludes a heat management system 200. It will be appreciated that theturbomachines 100 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, 2A and 2B, 3A and 3B, and 4Aand 4B are provided by way of example only and not to be limiting.Numerous other turbomachine 100 configurations are contemplated, all ofwhich are within the scope of the present disclosure. The turbomachine100 may be configured for powering an aircraft (not shown) in flight.The turbomachine 100 is axisymmetrical about a longitudinal or axialcenterline axis 102 and may be suitably mounted to the wing or fuselageof the aircraft as desired.

FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A show exemplary embodiments of a turbomachine100 that includes a heat management system 200. FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B, and 4Brespectively show cross-sectional views of the exemplary turbomachines100 depicted in FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A. As shown, an exemplaryturbomachine 100 includes, in serial flow relationship, a fan module104, a compressor section 106, a combustion section 108, a turbinesection 110, and an exhaust section 112. Although not depicted, thecompressor section may include, by way of example, a high-pressurecompressor section, or a low-pressure compressor section followed by ahigh-pressure compressor section, and a turbine section 110 may include,by way of example, a high-pressure turbine section 110 followed by alow-pressure turbine. Ambient air 114 enters the turbomachine 100through its intake and is pressurized in turn by the fan module 104 andcompressor section 106 and mixed with fuel in the combustion section 108for generating hot combustion gases 116. Energy is extracted from thecombustion gases 116 in the turbine section 110 for powering the fanmodule 104 and compressor section 106, with the combustion gases 116being discharged through the exhaust section 112. The fan module 104 isjoined to the turbine section 110 by a first spool or drive shaft 118.

An annular first casing 120 surrounds the core engine 122, whichincludes the compressor section 106, the combustion section 108, and theturbine section 110, and extends aft past the turbine section 110. Anannular second casing 124 is spaced radially outwardly or outboard fromthe first casing 120 concentric therewith. In an exemplary embodiment,the second casing 124 may be a nacelle. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, thecore engine 122 and the first casing 120 define radially therebetween anannular inner or first duct 126 which coaxially surrounds the coreengine 122. In some embodiments, the annular inner or first duct 126 maybe a thermal management duct. The first duct 126 extends axially inlength from its forward inlet end behind the fan module 104, around andbypassing the core engine 122. The first casing 120 and the secondcasing 124 define radially therebetween an annular outer or second duct128 which coaxially surrounds the fan module 104 and the first duct 126,and which is in flow communication with the radially outer tip of thefan module 104. The second duct 128 (e.g., an outer bypass duct) extendsaxially in length from its inlet end directly behind the fan module 104to its outlet end disposed axially aft of the core engine 122 at the aftend of the first duct 126.

In some embodiments, such as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, 3A and 3B, and 4Aand 4B, an annular third casing 130 may be located annularly between thefirst casing 120 and the second casing 124 and concentric therewith.Additionally, in some embodiments, such as shown in FIGS. 3A and 4A, theturbomachine 100 may include a fan module 104 that is a multi-stage fanmodule, as described below.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, 2A and 2B, 3A and 3B, and 4A and 4C, thefirst casing 120 and the third casings 130 define radially therebetweenan annular inner or first duct 126 which coaxially surrounds the coreengine 122. The first duct 126 extends axially in length from itsforward inlet end behind the fan module 104, around and bypassing thecore engine 122. The second casing 124 and the third casings 130 defineradially therebetween an annular outer or second duct 128 whichcoaxially surrounds the fan module 104 and the first duct 126 in flowcommunication with the radially outer tip of the fan module 104. Thesecond duct 128 extends axially in length from its inlet end directlybehind the fan module 104 to its outlet end disposed axially aft of thecore engine 122 and turbine section 110 at the aft end of the first duct126. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, 2A and 2B, 3A and 3B,and 4A and 4C, the first duct 126 may be an inner bypass duct, and thesecond duct 128 may be an outer bypass duct.

The first duct 126 and the second duct 128 are concentric with eachother and extend from the fan module 104 in a long duct configurationover the majority of the axial length of the turbomachine 100 to bypassthe inner core engine 122 with two concentric streams of airflow. Thefan module 104 includes a first fan blade assembly 132 that includes asingle stage or row of large first fan rotor blades extending radiallyoutwardly from a supporting first rotor disk 134. In exemplaryembodiments, the first fan blade assembly 132 includes rotor blades thatare large in diameter and extend radially outwardly across the radialspan of the first duct 126 disposed directly there behind, andadditionally extends radially outwardly over the radial span of theinlet end of the second duct 128 to terminate in a small radial spacingor gap just below the inner surface of the second casing 124 surroundingthe fan module 104. The fan module 104 may also include a row of fixedoutlet guide vanes (OGVs) 136 disposed aft of the first fan bladeassembly 132. The OGVs 136 may have suitable airfoil configurations fordeswirling the pressurized ambient air 114 discharged from the radiallyouter tip portion of the first fan blade assembly 132. When the fanmodule 104 is a multi-stage fan module, the fan module 104 may include asecond fan blade assembly 138. The second fan blade assembly 138, whenpresent, may include a single stage or row of small second fan rotorblades 140 extending radially outwardly from a supporting second rotordisk 142 and is disposed axially between the first fan blade assembly132 and the first duct 126. In exemplary embodiments, the small diametersecond fan blade assembly 138, when present, may extend radiallyoutwardly across both the inlet end of the core engine 122 leading tothe compressor section 106 and the inlet end of the first duct 126 toterminate in a small clearance or gap inside the inlet end of thesurrounding third casing 130. The first rotor disk 134 may be fixedlyjoined to the first shaft 118, and the second rotor disk 142 may befixedly joined to the first shaft 118 or to a second shaft (not shown).In this way, the fan module 104 may include a large single stage firstfan blade assembly 132 directly followed in flow communication by thesmall single stage second fan blade assembly 138, which may beindependently or commonly joined to and driven by the turbine section110. An annular fan frame 144 is disposed axially between the fan module104 (or the second fan blade assembly 138, when present) and thecompressor section 106, and may include a row of fan struts 146extending radially outwardly from the central hub and through both thefirst and second ducts 126, 128 near the inlet ends thereof and directlyaft of the OGVs 136. An annular rear frame 148 includes a correspondingrow of rear struts which extend radially through the forward end of theexhaust section 112 for supporting the aft ends of the drive shaft(s).

Now referring to FIG. 5, an exemplary heat management system 200 will bedescribed. An exemplary heat management system 200 includes a first heatexchanger 202, a second heat exchanger 204. The first heat exchanger 202may be configured and arranged to receive a first fluid stream206(a)(e.g., cooling air) from a first duct 126, and the second heatexchanger 204 may be configured and arranged to receive the first fluidstream 206(b) after discharging from the first heat exchanger 202. Inthe embodiment shown in FIG. 5, at least a portion of the first heatexchanger 202 and/or at least a portion of the second heat exchanger 204may be disposed within the first duct 126. Additionally, or in thealternative, in other embodiments at least a portion of the first heatexchanger 202 and/or at least a portion of the second heat exchanger 204may be disposed within the second duct 128.

A hatch 208 may be configured to provide fluid communication from asecond duct 128 to the first duct 126 so as to introduce a second fluidstream 210(b) (e.g., cooling air) from the second duct 128 to the firstduct 126. The second heat exchanger 204 may also receive the secondfluid stream 210(b) introduced through the hatch 208. For example, thefirst fluid stream 206(a) discharging from the first heat exchanger 202may mix with the second fluid stream 210(b) introduced through the hatch208.

Alternatively, the first heat exchanger 202 may be configured andarranged to receive a first fluid stream 206(a) from the second duct128, and the hatch 208 may be configured to provide fluid communicationfrom the first duct 126 to the second duct 128 so as to introduce asecond fluid stream 210(b) from the first duct to the second duct 128.The second heat exchanger 204 may also receive the second fluid stream210(b) introduced through the hatch 208. For example, the first fluidstream 206(b) discharging from the first heat exchanger 202 may mix withthe second fluid stream 210(b) introduced through the hatch 208.

The first heat exchanger 202 includes a first heat exchanger inlet 212configured and arranged to receive the fluid stream 206(a) and a firstheat exchanger outlet 214 configured and arranged to discharge the firstfluid stream 206(b). The second heat exchanger 204 includes a secondheat exchanger inlet 216 configured and arranged to receive the firstfluid stream 206(b) after discharging from the first heat exchanger 202and/or the second fluid stream 210(b) introduced through the hatch 208.The second heat exchanger 204 includes a second heat exchanger outlet218 configured and arranged to discharge the first fluid stream 206(c)and/or the second fluid stream 210(b) introduced through the hatch 208.

The hatch 208 may provide fluid communication from the second duct 128to the first duct 126 at any desired location. As shown, the hatch 208provides fluid communication from the second duct 128 to the first duct126 downstream from the first heat exchanger 202 such that the hatch 208introduces the second fluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128 tothe second heat exchanger inlet 216. Additionally, or in thealternative, a hatch 208 may be configured and arranged so as to providefluid communication from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126upstream from the first heat exchanger 202, for example, such that thesecond fluid stream 210(b) introduced through the hatch 208 may flowthrough the first heat exchanger 202.

It is contemplated that a heat management system 200 may include aplurality of heat exchangers 202, 204 and a hatch 208 located at avariety of different positions within a turbomachine 100, some of whichare depicted by way of example in FIGS. 1A and 1B, 2A and 2B, 3A and 3B,and 4A and 4B. Additionally, it is contemplated that a heat managementsystem 200 may include a plurality of heat exchangers 202, 204 andcorresponding hatches 208 disposed radially around one or more of therespective ducts 126, 128 and/or casings 120, 124, 130 of a turbomachine100. Further in addition, or in the alternative, some embodiments mayinclude a third heat exchanger (not shown) located downstream from thesecond heat exchanger 204, and a second hatch (not shown) locatedbetween the second heat exchanger 204 and the third heat exchanger. Aplurality of third heat exchangers and second hatches may be disposedradially around one or more of the respective ducts 126, 128 and/orcasings 120, 124, 130 of a turbomachine 100.

A heat management array may include one or more hatches 208 disposedradially around one or more of the respective ducts 126, 128 and/orcasings 120, 124, 130 of a turbomachine 100. A heat management array mayadditionally include one or more first heat exchangers 202 disposedupstream of the one or more hatches 208, and/or one or more second heatexchangers 204 disposed downstream of the one or more hatches 208. Itwill be appreciated that a heat management system 200 may include anynumber of heat management arrays, such as a plurality of heat managementarrays in serial flow arrangement. For example, a heat management system200 may include, in serial flow relationship, one or more first heatexchangers 202, one or more first hatches 208 downstream from the one ormore first heat exchangers 202, one or more second heat exchangers 204downstream from the one or more first hatches 208, one or more secondhatches 208 downstream (not shown) from the one or more second heatexchangers 204, and one or more third heat exchangers (not shown)downstream from the one or more second hatches 208.

An exemplary heat management system 200 may include a plurality of firstheat exchangers 202 disposed radially about the first duct 126, and theplurality of first heat exchangers 202 may be respectively configuredand arranged to receive a respective portion of the first fluid stream206 from the first duct 126. Additionally, an exemplary heat managementsystem 200 may include a plurality of second heat exchangers 204disposed radially about the first duct 126 downstream from the pluralityof first heat exchangers 202. The plurality of second heat exchangers204 may be respectively configured and arranged to receive a respectiveportion of the first fluid stream 206(b) after discharging fromrespective ones of the plurality of first heat exchangers 202. Further,an exemplary heat management system 200 may include a plurality ofhatches 208 respectively providing fluid communication from the secondduct 128 to the first duct 126 downstream from the plurality of firstheat exchangers 202. The plurality of hatches 208 may be respectivelyconfigured and arranged to introduce a respective portion of the secondfluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126.

By way of example, as shown in FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B, and 4B, an exemplaryheat management system 200 is depicted with four (4) sets of first andsecond heat exchangers 202, 204 and corresponding hatches 208. A heatmanagement system 200 may include a first array of first heat exchangers202, a second array of second heat exchangers 204, and a third array ofhatches 208. The first array of first heat exchangers 202 may include aprimary first heat exchanger 202(a), a secondary first heat exchanger202(b), a tertiary first heat exchanger 202(c), and a quaternary firstheat exchanger 202(d). The second array of second heat exchangers 204may include a primary second heat exchanger 204(a), a secondary secondheat exchanger 204(b), a tertiary second heat exchanger 204(c), and aquaternary second heat exchanger 204(d). The third array of hatches 208may include a primary hatch 208(a), a secondary hatch 208(b), a tertiaryhatch 208(c), and a quaternary hatch 208(d). However, it will beappreciated that the embodiments depicted are provided by way of exampleonly and not to be limiting, and that any number of sets of first andsecond heat exchangers 202, 204 and corresponding hatches 208, and orarrays thereof, may be provided without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, at least a portion ofthe first heat exchanger 202 and/or at least a portion of the secondheat exchanger 204 may be disposed within a first duct 126. The firstduct 126 may be a thermal management duct and the first fluid stream206(a) may include thermal management air. The second duct 128 may abypass duct and the second fluid stream 210(a) may include bypass air.

In other embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, at least a portion ofthe first heat exchanger 202 and/or at least a portion of the secondheat exchanger 204 may be located within the body of a casing, such asthe second casing 124. The first duct 126 may be a thermal managementduct traversing through the casing, and the first fluid stream 206(a)may include thermal management air. The second duct 128 may a bypassduct and the second fluid stream 210(a) may include bypass air.

In still other embodiments, as shown in in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the firstduct 126 may be an annular outer bypass duct and the first fluid stream206(a) may include outer bypass air, and the second duct 128 may be anannular inner bypass duct and the second fluid stream 210(a) may includeinner bypass air. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the firstduct 126 may be an annular inner bypass duct and the first fluid stream206(a) may include inner bypass air, and the second duct 128 may be anannular outer bypass duct of the turbomachine 100 and the second fluidstream 210(a) may include outer bypass air.

In some embodiments, such as when at least a portion of the first heatexchanger 202 and/or the second heat exchanger 204 are located withinthe body of a casing (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B), the heatmanagement system 200 may optionally include an inlet duct 236configured to provide fluid communication to the inlet of the first heatexchanger 202, such as from an upstream side of the second duct 128. Theheat management system 200 may additionally or alternatively optionallyinclude an outlet duct 238 configured to provide fluid communicationfrom the outlet of the second heat exchanger 204, such as to adownstream side of the second duct 128. In some embodiments, the inletduct 236 and/or the outlet duct 238 may include a hatch 208, which maybe configured as described herein, including, for example, a door asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 6A-6C and/or a scoop as described withreference to FIGS. 7A and 7B.

Referring still to FIG. 5, in some embodiments, the hatch 208 may have afixed position. Alternatively, the hatch 208 may have an adjustableposition such that the volume of the second fluid stream 210(b)introduced into the first duct 126 from the second duct 128 may beadjusted by changing the position of the hatch 208. The position of thehatch 208 may be changed using an articulation device 209, such as ahinge, a piston, a lever, or the like. In some embodiments, a heatmanagement system 200 may include a control system 220. The controlsystem 220 may be configured to control operation of the hatch 208. Thecontrol system 220 may be operably coupled to a temperature sensor 222and the hatch 208. The control system 220 may be configured to receive atemperature input from the temperature sensor 222 and to output acontrol command to the hatch 208 responsive to the temperature inputfrom the temperature sensor 222. The control command may be configuredto cause the hatch 208 to move to an open position 224 when thetemperature input corresponds to a temperature of the first fluid stream206(b) equal to or greater than a threshold temperature. The hatch 208,when at the open position 224, may direct the second fluid stream 210(b)from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126.

The temperature sensor 222 may be configured and arranged to ascertainthe temperature of the first fluid stream 206(a), and may be located atany desired position, such as downstream from the first heat exchanger202, upstream from the first heat exchanger 202, or downstream from thesecond heat exchanger 204. Additionally, in some embodiments, multipletemperature sensors may be provided, which may be configured andarranged to ascertain the temperature of the first fluid stream 206 atmultiple radial positions around the first duct 126 and/or at multipleaxial positions along the first duct 126. Additionally, or in thealternative, temperature sensors 222 may be configured and arranged toascertain the temperature of any other desired fluid stream associatedwith the heat management system 200.

A control command may be additionally or alternatively configured tocause the hatch 208 to move to a closed position 226 when thetemperature input corresponds to a temperature of the first fluid stream206(a) less than the threshold temperature. The hatch 208, when at theclosed position 226, may interrupt the second fluid stream 210(b)flowing from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126. Additionally, orin the alternative, a control command may be configured to cause thehatch 208 to move between the open position 224 and the closed position226 based at least in part on the temperature input. In this way, thehatch 208 may modulate a flow of the second fluid stream 210(b) from thesecond duct 128 to the first duct 126.

Now referring to FIGS. 6A-6C, and 7A and 7B, an exemplary hatch 208 mayinclude a door 600 and/or an air scoop 700, and an exemplary heatmanagement system 200 may include a plurality of hatches 208, and theplurality of hatches 208 may respectively include one or more doors 600and/or one or more air scoops 700. The hatch 208 may additionallyinclude a hatchway 602 defined at least in part by the perimeter of thehatch 208 and through which the second fluid stream 210(b) may flow fromthe second duct 128 to the first duct 126. In some embodiments, thehatch 208 may include both an air scoop 700 and a door 600, such asshown in FIG. 7B. Alternatively, a hatch 208 may include an air scoop700 without a door 600, or a door 600 without an air scoop 700.

As shown in FIGS. 6A-6C, a door 600 may be movable between an openposition 224 and a closed position 226, and with the door 600 positionedat the open position 224, the hatch 208 may provide fluid communicationfrom the second duct 128 to the first duct 126 such as through thehatchway 602. With the door 600 positioned at the closed position 226,the door 600 may interrupt fluid communication from the second duct 128to the first duct 126. In exemplary embodiments, the door 600 may bemovable among a plurality of open positions 224 so as to modulate thesecond fluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128 flowing to thesecond heat exchanger inlet 216.

As shown in FIG. 6A, a door 600 may articulate circumferentially betweenthe open position 224 and the closed position 226. Alternatively, asshown in FIG. 6B, a door 600 may articulate longitudinally between theopen position 224 and the closed position 226. Further in thealternative, as shown in FIG. 6C, a door 600 may articulate radiallybetween the open position 224 and the closed position 226.

In some embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 6C, at least a portion of thedoor 600 may project into the second duct 128 at the open position 224.For example, the door 600 may articulate radially into the second duct128. Alternatively, the door 600 may articulate radially into the firstduct 126, such that at least a portion of the door 600 may project intothe first duct 126 at the open position 224.

As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the hatch 208 may include an air scoop 700.As shown in FIG. 7A, the air scoop 700 may include a raised inlet 702extending into the second duct 128 (e.g., upward from the third casing130). Additionally, or in the alternative, as shown in FIG. 7B, the airscoop 700 may include a submerged inlet 704. The submerged inlet 704 mayextend into the first duct 126 (e.g., downward from the third casing130). The air scoop 700 may include a hatchway 602 defined at least inpart by the perimeter of the raised inlet 702 (FIG. 7A) or the perimeterof the submerged inlet 704 (FIG. 7B).

In some embodiments, a plurality of hatches 208 (e.g., a plurality ofdoors 600 and/or a plurality of air scoops 700) may be disposedradially, such as in an array, around one or more of the respectiveducts 126, 128 and/or casings 120, 124, 130 of a turbomachine 100. Forexample, referring to FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B, and 4B, a heat management system200 may include an array of hatches 208 may include a primary hatch208(a), a secondary hatch 208(b), a tertiary hatch 208(c), and aquaternary hatch 208(d). Additionally, or in the alternative, aplurality of hatches 208 (e.g., a plurality of doors 600 and/or aplurality of air scoops 700) may be disposed axially, such as in aserial flow relationship, along one or more of the respective ducts 126,128 and/or casings 120, 124, 130 of a turbomachine 100. The hatches 208may have varying sizes, positions, ranges of articulation, and so forth,for example, to account for circumferentially and/or axially varyingtemperatures, flow rates, etc. and/or to account for circumferentiallyand/or axially varying heat management requirements.

A heat management system 200 may additionally include an array oftemperature sensors 222 respectively corresponding to the array ofhatches 208. The array of temperature sensors 222 may include a firsttemperature sensor 222(a), a second temperature sensor 222(b), a thirdtemperature sensor 222(c), and a fourth temperature sensor 222(d).However, it will be appreciated that the embodiments depicted areprovided by way of example only and not to be limiting, and that anynumber of sets of temperature sensors 222 may be provided withoutdeparting from the scope of the present disclosure.

Control commands may be configured to cause a plurality of hatches 208to move independently from one another, for example, to account forcircumferentially and/or axially varying temperatures, flow rates, etc.and/or to account for circumferentially and/or axially varying heatmanagement requirements. A first control command may move a first hatch208(a) to a first position and a second control command may move asecond hatch 208(b) to a second position, and the first position maydiffer from the second position. The first control command may be basedat least in part on an input from a first temperature sensor 222(a),and/or the second control command may be based at least in part on aninput from a second temperature sensor 222(b).

A first control command may be configured to move a first hatch 208(a)to an open position 224 when a first temperature input from a firsttemperature sensor 222(a) corresponds to a temperature of the firstfluid stream 206(b) axially proximal to the first hatch 208(a) equal toor greater than a first threshold temperature. The first hatch 208(a),when at the open position 224, may direct the second fluid stream 210(b)axially proximal to the first hatch 208(a) from the second duct 128 tothe first duct 126. Additionally, or in the alternative, a first controlcommand may be configured to move a first hatch 208(a) to a closedposition 226 when a first temperature input from a first temperaturesensor 222(a) corresponds to a temperature of the first fluid stream206(a) axially proximal to the first hatch 208(a) less than a firstthreshold temperature. The first hatch 208(a), when at the closedposition 226, may interrupt the second fluid stream 210(b) flowing fromthe second duct 128 to the first duct 126 axially proximal to the firsthatch 208(a). Further in addition or in the alternative, a first controlcommand may be configured to cause the first hatch 208(a) to movebetween the open position 224 and the closed position 226 based at leastin part on the temperature input from the first temperature sensor222(a). In this way, the first hatch 208(a) may modulate a flow of thesecond fluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128 to the first duct126 axially proximal to the first hatch 208(a).

A second control command may be configured to move a second hatch 208(b)to an open position 224 when a second temperature input from a secondtemperature sensor 222(b) corresponds to a temperature of the firstfluid stream 206(b) axially proximal to the second hatch 208(a) equal toor greater than a second threshold temperature. The second hatch 208(b),when at the open position 224, may direct the second fluid stream 210(b)axially proximal to the second hatch 208(b) from the second duct 128 tothe first duct 126. Additionally, or in the alternative, a secondcontrol command may be configured to move a second hatch 208(b) to aclosed position 226 when a second temperature input from a secondtemperature sensor 222(b) corresponds to a temperature of the firstfluid stream 206(a) axially proximal to the second hatch 208(b) lessthan a second threshold temperature. The second hatch 208(b), when atthe closed position 226, may interrupt the second fluid stream 210(b)flowing from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126 axially proximalto the second hatch 208(b). Further in addition or in the alternative, asecond control command may be configured to cause the second hatch208(b) to move between the open position 224 and the closed position 226based at least in part on the temperature input from the secondtemperature sensor 222(b). In this way, the second hatch 208(b) maymodulate a flow of the second fluid stream 210(b) from the second duct128 to the first duct 126 axially proximal to the second hatch 208(b).

A third control command may similarly be configured to move a thirdhatch 208(c) so as to direct, interrupt, and/or modulate a flow of thesecond fluid stream 210(b) axially proximal to the third hatch 208(c),and a fourth control command may be configured to move a fourth hatch208(d) so as to direct, interrupt and/or modulate a flow of the secondfluid stream 210(b) axially proximal to the fourth hatch 208(d).

Now referring to FIG. 8, a schematic of an exemplary heat managementsystem 200 is shown. As shown, an exemplary heat management system 200includes a first duct 126 and a second duct 128. The first duct 126includes a first fluid stream 206 (e.g., a first bypass air stream)flowing therethrough, and the second duct 128 includes a second fluidstream 210 (e.g., a second bypass air stream) flow therethrough. A firstheat exchanger 202 may be configured to transfer heat between a thirdfluid stream 228 and the first fluid stream 206(a)(e.g., cooling airfrom the first bypass stream). A second heat exchanger 204 may beconfigured to transfer heat between a fourth fluid stream 230 and thefirst fluid stream 206(b) discharging from the first heat exchanger 202.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first and second heat exchangers 202,204 may be any thermal management heat exchangers used in connectionwith a turbomachine 100 or an aircraft. For example, the first heatexchanger 202 may be a compressor bleed air cooler. The first heatexchanger 202 may be configured to cool a stream of bleed air from oneor more compressor stages of a turbomachine 100 flowing across orthrough the first heat exchanger 202. The bleed air may be cooled usinga stream of bypass air 206(a) from the first duct 126. By cooling thecompressor bleed air, the first heat exchanger 202 may provide a heatedstream of bypass air 206(b). Additionally, or in the alternative, thesecond heat exchanger 204 may be a cooled cooling air heat exchanger.The second heat exchanger 204 may be configured to cool a stream ofturbine cooling air (e.g., high pressure turbine cooling air) flowingacross or through the second heat exchanger 204 using the stream ofinner bypass air 206(b) discharging from the first heat exchanger 202.

In some embodiments, the heated stream of bypass air 206(b) may be atsuch a temperature that improved heat transfer by the second heatexchanger 204 may be desired. For example, the control system 220 maydetermine, based at least in part on an input from a temperature sensor222 that a temperature of the first fluid stream 206(b) is equal to orgreater than a threshold temperature. The temperature sensor 222 may belocated at any desired position, such as downstream from the first heatexchanger 202, upstream from the first heat exchanger 202, or downstreamfrom the second heat exchanger 204. The control command may beconfigured to cause the hatch 208 to move to an open position 224 whenthe temperature input corresponds to a temperature of the first fluidstream 206(b) equal to or greater than a threshold temperature, therebyintroducing a second fluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128 to theinlet of the second heat exchanger 204.

Additionally, or in the alternative, the control system 220 may beconfigured to receive a temperature input from a third temperaturesensor 232 configured and arranged to ascertain a temperature of thethird fluid stream 228, and/or to receive a temperature input from afourth temperature sensor 234 configured and arranged to ascertain atemperature of the fourth fluid stream 230. The control system 220 maysimilarly output a control command to the hatch 208 responsive to atemperature input from the third temperature sensor 232 and/or thefourth temperature sensor 234.

Now turning to FIG. 9, exemplary methods 900 of cooling fluid streams ina heat management system 200 will be described. As shown in FIG. 9, anexemplary method 900 may include, at block 902, directing a first fluidstream 206(a) from a first duct 126 across or through a first heatexchanger 202, and, at block 904, directing the first fluid stream206(b) across or through a second heat exchanger 204 after dischargingfrom the first heat exchanger 202. The exemplary method 900 mayadditionally include, at block 906, directing at least a portion of asecond fluid stream 210(b) from a second duct 128 to the first duct 126,with the second fluid stream 210(b) flowing through a hatch 208configured to provide fluid communication from the second duct 128 tothe first duct 126. In some embodiments, block 906 may include directinga first portion of a second fluid stream 210(b) at a first axialposition from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126 independentlyfrom a second portion of the second fluid stream 210(b) at a secondaxial position. The first portion of the second fluid stream 210(b)axially proximal to the first hatch 208(a) may be directed from thesecond duct 128 to the first duct 126 at least in part by moving thefirst hatch 208(a) to a first position, and the second portion of thesecond fluid stream 210(b) axially proximal to the second hatch 208(b)may be directed from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126 at leastin part by moving the second hatch 208(b) to a second position, and thefirst position may differ from the second position. The first and secondportions of the second fluid stream 210(b) may be independent directed,for example, to account for circumferentially and/or axially varyingtemperatures, flow rates, etc. and/or to account for circumferentiallyand/or axially varying heat management requirements.

The exemplary method 900 may additionally include, at block 908, coolinga third fluid stream 228 flowing across or through the first heatexchanger 202 using the first fluid stream 206(a). Further, theexemplary method 900 may additionally include, at block 910, cooling afourth fluid stream 230 flowing across or through the second heatexchanger 204 using the first fluid stream 206(b) after having beendischarged from the first heat exchanger 202. In an exemplaryembodiment, the method 900 may include, at block 912, cooling the fourthfluid stream 230 flowing across or through the second heat exchanger 204using the first fluid stream 206(b) and the second fluid stream 210(b),with the first fluid stream 206(b) having been discharged from the firstheat exchanger 202 and combined with the second fluid stream 210(b) fromthe second duct 128.

In some embodiments, block 906 may include directing at least a portionof the second fluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128 to the firstduct 126 when a temperature of the first fluid stream 206(b) reaches orexceeds a threshold temperature. For example, block 906 may includedirecting a first portion of the second fluid stream 210(b) axiallyproximal to a first hatch 208(a) from the second duct 128 to the firstduct 126 when a first temperature input from a first temperature sensor222(a) corresponds to a temperature of the first fluid stream 206(b)axially proximal to the first hatch 208(a) equal to or greater than afirst threshold temperature. Block 906 may additionally or alternativelyinclude directing a second portion of the second fluid stream 210(b)axially proximal to a second hatch 208(b) from the second duct 128 tothe first duct 126 when a second temperature input from a secondtemperature sensor 222(b) corresponds to a temperature of the firstfluid stream 206(b) axially proximal to the second hatch 208(b) equal toor greater than a second threshold temperature. A third portion of thesecond fluid stream 210(b) axially proximal to a third hatch 208(c)and/or a fourth portion of the second fluid stream 210(b) axiallyproximal to a fourth hatch 208(d) may similarly be directed from thesecond duct 128 to the first duct 126.

Additionally, or in the alternative, block 906 may include interruptingat least a portion of the second fluid stream 210(b) flowing from thesecond duct 128 to the first duct 126 when the temperature of the firstfluid stream 206(b) falls below the threshold temperature. For example,block 906 may include interrupting a first portion of the second fluidstream 210(b) axially proximal to a first hatch 208(a) flowing from thesecond duct 128 to the first duct 126 when a first temperature inputfrom a first temperature sensor 222(a) corresponds to a temperature ofthe first fluid stream 206(b) axially proximal to the first hatch 208(a)less than a first threshold temperature. Block 906 may additionally oralternatively include interrupting a second portion of the second fluidstream 210(b) axially proximal to a second hatch 208(b) flowing from thesecond duct 128 to the first duct 126 when a second temperature inputfrom a second temperature sensor 222(b) corresponds to a temperature ofthe first fluid stream 206(b) axially proximal to the second hatch208(b) less than a second threshold temperature. A third portion of thesecond fluid stream 210(b) axially proximal to a third hatch 208(c)and/or a fourth portion of the second fluid stream 210(b) axiallyproximal to a fourth hatch 208(d) may similarly be interrupted fromflowing from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126.

Further in addition or in the alternative, block 906 may includemodulating at least a portion of a flow of the second fluid stream210(b) from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126 based at least inpart on a temperature of the first fluid stream 206(b). For example,block 906 may include modulating a first portion of the second fluidstream 210(b) axially proximal to a first hatch 208(a) flowing from thesecond duct 128 to the first duct 126 based at least in part on a firsttemperature input from a first temperature sensor 222(a) correspondingto a temperature of the first fluid stream 206(b) axially proximal tothe first hatch 208(a). Block 906 may additionally or alternativelyinclude modulating a second portion of the second fluid stream 210(b)axially proximal to a second hatch 208(b) from the second duct 128 tothe first duct 126 based at least in part on a second temperature inputfrom a second temperature sensor 222(b) corresponding to a temperatureof the first fluid stream 206(b) axially proximal to the second hatch208(b). A third portion of the second fluid stream 210(b) axiallyproximal to a third hatch 208(c) and/or a fourth portion of the secondfluid stream 210(b) axially proximal to a fourth hatch 208(d) may besimilarly modulated.

In some embodiments, block 906 may include directing at least a portionof the second fluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128 to the firstduct 126 when a temperature of the fourth fluid stream 230 reaches orexceeds a fourth threshold temperature and/or when a temperature of thethird fluid stream 228 reaches or exceeds a third threshold temperature.

In exemplary methods 900, block 908, may include cooling a stream ofcompressor bleed air 228 flowing across or through the first heatexchanger 202 using the first fluid stream 206(a). By way of example,the first duct 126 may include an annular outer bypass duct and thefirst fluid stream 206(a) may include outer bypass air. The coolingperformed at block 908 may provide a heated stream of outer bypass air206(b). An exemplary method 900 may further include, at block 910,cooling a stream of turbine cooling air 230 flowing across or throughthe second heat exchanger 204 using the heated stream of outer bypassair 206(b). Further, at block 912, an exemplary method 900 may includecombining the heated stream of outer bypass air 206(b) with the secondfluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128. By way of example, thesecond duct 128 may include an annular inner bypass duct and the secondfluid stream 210(b) may include inner bypass air from the second duct(e.g., an annular inner bypass duct) 128 having been introduced into thefirst duct 126 through the hatch 208.

Now turning to FIG. 10, an exemplary control system 220 of a heatmanagement system 200 will be described in further detail. An exemplarycontrol system 220 includes a controller 1000 communicatively coupledwith one or more hatches 208 and one or more temperature sensors 222. Byway of example, a control system 220 may include or be incorporated intoa full authority direct engine control (FADEC) system or an enginecontrol unit (ECU) for a turbomachine 100 and/or an aircraft.

The controller 1000 may include one or more computing devices 1002,which may be located locally or remotely relative to the control system220 and/or the turbomachine 100. The one or more computing devices 1002may include one or more processors 1004 and one or more memory devices1006. The one or more processors 1004 may include any suitableprocessing device, such as a microprocessor, microcontroller, integratedcircuit, logic device, and/or other suitable processing device. The oneor more memory devices 1006 may include one or more computer-readablemedia, including but not limited to non-transitory computer-readablemedia, RAM, ROM, hard drives, flash drives, and/or other memory devices.

The one or more memory devices 1006 may store information accessible bythe one or more processors 1004, including machine-executableinstructions 1008 that can be executed by the one or more processors1004. The instructions 1008 may include any set of instructions whichwhen executed by the one or more processors 1004 cause the one or moreprocessors 1004 to perform operations. In some embodiments, theinstructions 1008 may be configured to cause the one or more processors1004 to perform operations for which the controller 1000 and/or the oneor more computing devices 1002 are configured. Such operations mayinclude operations of the control system 220, such as controlling theone or more hatches 208 as described herein. Such operations may furtheradditionally or alternatively include receiving inputs from the one ormore temperature sensors 222 and controlling the one or more hatches 208responsive to the one or more temperature sensors 222. Such operationsmay additionally or alternatively be carried out according to controlcommands provided by a control model 1010. As examples, exemplarycontrol models 1010 may include one or more control models 1010configured to determine a temperature of a fluid stream and/or a rate ofheat transfer effected by a heat exchanger 202, 204 and to output acontrol command configured to control the one or more hatches 208responsive thereto. The machine-executable instructions 1008 can besoftware written in any suitable programming language or can beimplemented in hardware. Additionally, and/or alternatively, theinstructions 1008 can be executed in logically and/or virtually separatethreads on processors 1004.

The memory devices 1006 may store data 1012 accessible by the one ormore processors 1004. The data 1012 can include current or real-timedata, past data, or a combination thereof. The data 1012 may be storedin a data library 1014. As examples, the data 1012 may include data 1012associated with or generated by the turbomachine 100, the heatmanagement system 200, and/or the control system 220, including data1012 associated with or generated by a controller 1000, the controlmodel(s) 1010, the one or more temperature sensors 222, and/or acomputing device 1002. The data 1012 may also include other data sets,parameters, outputs, information, associated with a turbomachine 100and/or a heat management system 200.

The one or more computing devices 1002 may also include a communicationinterface 1016, which may be used for communications with acommunications network 1018 via wired or wireless communication lines1020. The communication interface 1016 may include any suitablecomponents for interfacing with one or more network(s), including forexample, transmitters, receivers, ports, controllers, antennas, and/orother suitable components. The communication interface 1016 may allowthe computing device 1002 to communicate various aspects of theturbomachine 100 and/or the heat management system 200. Thecommunication network 1018 may include, for example, a local areanetwork (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), SATCOM network, VHF network, aHF network, a Wi-Fi network, a WiMAX network, a gatelink network, and/orany other suitable communications network 1018 for transmitting messagesto and/or from the controller 1000 across the communication lines 1020.The communication lines 1020 of communication network 1018 may include adata bus or a combination of wired and/or wireless communication links.

The communication interface 1016 may additionally or alternatively allowthe computing device 1002 to communicate with a user interface 1022and/or a central data system 1024. The central data system 1024, whichmay include a server 1026 and/or a data warehouse 1028. As an example,at least a portion of the data 1012 may be stored in the data warehouse1028, and the server 1026 may be configured to transmit data 1012 fromthe data warehouse 1028 to the computing device 1002, and/or to receivedata 1012 from the computing device 1002 and to store the received data1012 in the data warehouse 1028 for further purposes. The server 1026and/or the data warehouse 1028 may be implemented as part of a controlsystem 220.

Exemplary heat management systems 200 may be implemented within thecontext of a turbomachine 100, such as a turbomachine 100 installed onan aircraft. The operations and methods described herein may be carriedout, for example, during flight, as well as during pre-flight and/orpost-flight procedures. As described with reference to FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A,and 4A, an exemplary turbomachine 100 may include a core engine 122, anannular first casing 120 surrounding the core engine 122, an annularsecond casing 124 spaced radially outward from the first casing 120 andconcentric therewith, and an annular third casing 130 spaced radiallybetween the first casing 120 and the second casing 124 and concentrictherewith. A first duct 126 may be defined radially between the annularfirst casing 120 and the annular third casing 130, and a second duct 128may be defined radially between the annular second casing 124 and theannular third casing 130.

In exemplary embodiments, a plurality of first heat exchangers 202 maybe disposed radially about the first duct 126, with the plurality offirst heat exchangers 202 respectively configured and arranged toreceive a respective portion of a first fluid stream 206(a) from thefirst duct 126. A plurality of second heat exchangers 204 may bedisposed radially about the first duct 126 downstream from the pluralityof first heat exchangers 202, with the plurality of second heatexchangers 204 respectively configured and arranged to receive arespective portion of the first fluid stream 206(b) after dischargingfrom respective ones of the plurality of first heat exchangers 202. Aplurality of hatches 208 may be disposed radially about the annularthird casing 130. The plurality of hatches 208 may respectively providefluid communication from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126downstream from the plurality of first heat exchangers 202. For example,the plurality of hatches 208 may be respectively configured and arrangedto introduce a respective portion of a second fluid stream 210(b) fromthe second duct 128 to the first duct 126.

An exemplary turbomachine 100 having a heat management system 200 mayadditionally include a control system 220 operably coupled to atemperature sensor 222 and the hatch 208. The control system 220 may beconfigured to receive a temperature input from the temperature sensor222 and to output a control command to the hatch 208 responsive to thetemperature input from the temperature sensor 222. The control commandmay be configured to cause the hatch 208 to move to an open position 224when the temperature input corresponds to a temperature of the firstfluid stream 206(b) equal to or greater than a threshold temperature.With the hatch 208 at the open position, the hatch 208 may the secondfluid stream 210(b) from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126.Additionally, or in the alternative, the control command may beconfigured to cause the hatch 208 to move to a closed position 226 whenthe temperature input corresponds to a temperature of the first fluidstream 206(b) less than the threshold temperature. With the hatch 208 atthe closed position, the hatch 208 may interrupt the second fluid stream210(b) flowing from the second duct 128 to the first duct 126. Furtheradditionally or alternatively, the control command may be configured tocause the hatch 208 to move between the open position 224 and the closedposition 226 based at least in part on the temperature input, such thatthe hatch 208 may modulate a flow of the second fluid stream 210(b) fromthe second duct 128 to the first duct 126.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first duct 126 may include an annularinner bypass duct of the turbomachine 100, and/or the second duct 128may include an annular outer bypass duct of the turbomachine 100.Additionally, or in the alternative, the first duct 126 may include anannular outer bypass duct of the turbomachine 100, and/or the secondduct 128 may include an annular inner bypass duct of the turbomachine100. In other embodiments, the first duct 126 may be a thermalmanagement duct of a turbomachine 100 and the second duct 128 may be abypass duct of a turbomachine 100.

This written description uses exemplary embodiments to describe thepresently disclosed subject matter, including the best mode, and also toenable any person skilled in the art to practice such subject matter,including making and using any devices or systems and performing anyincorporated methods. The patentable scope of the presently disclosedsubject matter is defined by the claims, and may include other examplesthat occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intendedto be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elementsthat do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if theyinclude equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differencesfrom the literal languages of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A heat management system for a turbomachine,comprising: a first heat exchanger configured and arranged to receive afirst fluid stream from a first duct; a second heat exchanger configuredand arranged to receive the first fluid stream after discharging fromthe first heat exchanger; and a hatch configured to provide fluidcommunication from a second duct to the first duct so as to introduce asecond fluid stream from the second duct to the first duct.
 2. The heatmanagement system of claim 1, wherein the hatch comprises an air scoop,the air scoop comprising a raised inlet extending into the second ductand/or a submerged inlet extending into the first duct.
 3. The heatmanagement system of claim 1, wherein the hatch comprises a door, thedoor being movable between an open position and a closed position, andthe hatch providing fluid communication from the second duct to thefirst duct with the door positioned at the open position.
 4. The heatmanagement system of claim 3, wherein the door interrupts fluidcommunication from the second duct to the first duct with the doorpositioned at the closed position.
 5. The heat management system ofclaim 3, wherein the hatch comprises an air scoop.
 6. The heatmanagement system of claim 3, wherein the door is movable among aplurality of open positions so as to modulate the second fluid streamfrom the second duct flowing to the second heat exchanger inlet.
 7. Theheat management system of claim 1, comprising: at least a portion of thefirst heat exchanger disposed within the first duct; and/or at least aportion of the second heat exchanger disposed within the first duct. 8.The heat management system of claim 1, wherein the first duct comprisesan annular inner bypass duct of the turbomachine and/or wherein thesecond duct comprise an annular outer bypass duct of the turbomachine;or wherein the first duct comprises an annular outer bypass duct of theturbomachine and/or wherein the second duct comprise an annular innerbypass duct of the turbomachine.
 9. The heat management system of claim1, wherein the first duct comprises a heat management system duct of theturbomachine.
 10. The heat management system of claim 1, comprising: aplurality of first heat exchangers disposed radially about the firstduct, the plurality of first heat exchangers respectively configured andarranged to receive a respective portion of the first fluid stream fromthe first duct; a plurality of second heat exchangers disposed radiallyabout the first duct downstream from the plurality of first heatexchangers, the plurality of second heat exchangers respectivelyconfigured and arranged to receive a respective portion of the firstfluid stream after discharging from respective ones of the plurality offirst heat exchangers; and a plurality of hatches respectively providingfluid communication from the second duct to the first duct downstreamfrom the plurality of first heat exchangers, the plurality of hatchesrespectively configured and arranged to introduce a respective portionof the second fluid stream from the second duct to the first duct.
 11. Amethod of cooling fluid streams, the method comprising: directing afirst fluid stream from a first duct across or through a first heatexchanger; directing the first fluid stream across or through a secondheat exchanger after discharging from the first heat exchanger; anddirecting a second fluid stream from a second duct to the first duct,the second fluid stream flowing through a hatch configured to providefluid communication from the second duct to the first duct.
 12. Themethod of claim 11, comprising: directing at least a portion of thesecond fluid stream from the second duct to the first duct when atemperature of the first fluid stream reaches or exceeds a thresholdtemperature; and/or interrupting at least a portion of the second fluidstream flowing from the second duct to the first duct when thetemperature of the first fluid stream falls below the thresholdtemperature; and/or modulating at least a portion of a flow of thesecond fluid stream from the second duct to the first duct based atleast in part on a temperature of the first fluid stream.
 13. The methodof claim 11, comprising: cooling a third fluid stream flowing across orthrough the first heat exchanger using the first fluid stream; andcooling a fourth fluid stream flowing across or through the second heatexchanger using the first fluid stream, the first fluid stream havingbeen discharged from the first heat exchanger.
 14. The method of claim11, comprising: directing the second fluid stream from the second ductto the first duct when a temperature of the fourth fluid stream reachesor exceeds a fourth threshold temperature and/or when a temperature ofthe third fluid stream reaches or exceeds a third threshold temperature.15. The method of claim 14, comprising: cooling the fourth fluid streamflowing across or through the second heat exchanger using the firstfluid stream and the second fluid stream, the first fluid stream havingbeen discharged from the first heat exchanger and combined with thesecond fluid stream from the second duct.
 16. The method of claim 11,comprising: cooling a stream of compressor bleed air flowing across orthrough the first heat exchanger using the first fluid stream, the firstduct comprising an annular outer bypass duct and the first fluid streamcomprising outer bypass air, the cooling providing a heated stream ofouter bypass air; cooling a stream of turbine cooling air flowing acrossor through the second heat exchanger using the heated stream of outerbypass air; and combining the heated stream of outer bypass air with thesecond fluid stream from the second duct, the second duct comprising anannular inner bypass duct and the second fluid stream comprising innerbypass air from the annular inner bypass duct having been introducedinto the first duct through the hatch.
 17. A turbomachine, comprising: acore engine; an annular first casing surrounding the core engine; anannular second casing spaced radially outward from the first casing andconcentric therewith; an annular third casing spaced radially betweenthe first casing and the second casing and concentric therewith; a firstduct defined radially between the annular first casing and the annularthird casing; a second duct defined radially between the annular secondcasing and the annular third casing; a plurality of first heatexchangers disposed radially about the first duct, the plurality offirst heat exchangers respectively configured and arranged to receive arespective portion of a first fluid stream from the first duct; aplurality of second heat exchangers disposed radially about the firstduct downstream from the plurality of first heat exchangers, theplurality of second heat exchangers respectively configured and arrangedto receive a respective portion of the first fluid stream afterdischarging from respective ones of the plurality of first heatexchangers; and a plurality of hatches disposed radially about theannular third casing, the plurality of hatches respectively providingfluid communication from the second duct to the first duct downstreamfrom the plurality of first heat exchangers, the plurality of hatchesrespectively configured and arranged to introduce a respective portionof a second fluid stream from the second duct to the first duct.
 18. Theturbomachine of claim 17, comprising: a control system operably coupledto a temperature sensor and the hatch, the control system configured toreceive a temperature input from the temperature sensor and to output acontrol command to the hatch responsive to the temperature input fromthe temperature sensor, the control command configured to cause thehatch to: move to an open position when the temperature inputcorresponds to a temperature of the first fluid stream equal to orgreater than a threshold temperature, the hatch at the open positiondirecting the second fluid stream from the second duct to the firstduct; and/or move to a closed position when the temperature inputcorresponds to a temperature of the first fluid stream less than thethreshold temperature, the hatch at the closed position interrupting thesecond fluid stream flowing from the second duct to the first duct;and/or move between the open position and the closed position based atleast in part on the temperature input, the hatch modulating a flow ofthe second fluid stream from the second duct to the first duct.
 19. Theturbomachine of claim 17, wherein the first duct comprises an annularinner bypass duct of the turbomachine and/or wherein the second ductcomprise an annular outer bypass duct of the turbomachine; or whereinthe first duct comprises an annular outer bypass duct of theturbomachine and/or wherein the second duct comprise an annular innerbypass duct of the turbomachine.
 20. The turbomachine of claim 17,wherein the first duct comprises a heat management system duct of theturbomachine.